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CVT‐E002, a proprietary extract of North American ginseng, activates the vertebrate innate immune system to produce proinflammatory and anti‐viral factors via MyD88 signaling
Author(s) -
Rosenthal Kenneth Lee,
Newton Jennifer,
Patrick Amy J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.538
Subject(s) - innate immune system , vesicular stomatitis virus , immune system , proinflammatory cytokine , ginseng , biology , interferon , toll like receptor , macrophage , immunology , in vitro , microbiology and biotechnology , virus , inflammation , medicine , biochemistry , alternative medicine , pathology
Extracts of North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium ) have been shown to have immunomodulatory effects consistent with activation of innate immune responses. Here, we investigated the ability of a patented extract of North American ginseng (CVT‐E002) to stimulate innate immune responses in murine and human monocytic cells and to inhibit virus replication in vitro. Treatment of murine and primary human monocytic cells with a range of doses (250–2000 μg/ml) of CVT‐E002 resulted in significantly elevated levels of IL‐6, interferon‐β and nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas untreated and control treated cultures were negative. CVT‐E002 treatment was also shown to significantly inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in vitro. In order to determine whether the responses following CVT‐E002 treatment were dependent on myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) signaling, peritoneal macrophage cultures from wild‐type or MyD88 knockout (MyD88−/−) C57Bl/6 mice were treated with or without CVT‐E002. Production of both IL‐6 and IFN‐β following CVT‐E002 treatment was shown to be MyD88‐dependent. Our data demonstrate that CVT‐E002, a plant‐derived product, can activate the vertebrate innate immune system via MyD88 to produce inflammatory and anti‐viral factors and suggest that this plant product is signaling through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).