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Physiogenomic Comparison of Human Fat Loss in Response to Diets Restrictive of Carbohydrate or Fat
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.688.6
Subject(s) - single nucleotide polymorphism , candidate gene , biology , carbohydrate , endocrinology , snp , medicine , gene , genetics , genotype , biochemistry
Genetic factors that predict responses to diet may ultimately be used to individualize recommendations. We used physiogenomics to explore associations among polymorphisms in candidate genes and changes in relative body fat (Δ%BF) to low fat (LFD) and low carbohydrate (LCD) diets. We assessed Δ%BF with DXA in 93 healthy adults who consumed a LCD (12% carbohydrate) and in 70, a LFD (25% fat). Fifty‐three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 28 candidate genes involved in food intake, energy homeostasis and adipocyte regulation were ranked according to probability of association with Δ%BF using multiple linear regression. Dieting reduced %BF by 3.0 ± 2.6% for LCD and 1.9 ± 1.7% for LFD (NS). SNPs in 9 genes were significantly associated with Δ%BF, with 4 significant after correction for multiple statistical testing: rs322695 near the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) (p<0.005), rs2838549 in the hepatic phosphofructokinase (PFKL) and rs3100722 in the histamine N‐methyl transferase (HNMT) genes (both p<0.041) due to LFD; and the rs5950584 SNP in the angiotensin receptor Type II (AGTR2) gene due to LCD (p<0.021). Fat loss with LCD and LFD appears to have distinct mechanisms, with PFKL and HNMT and RARB involved in fat restriction; and AGTR2 involved in carbohydrate restriction. These discoveries could provide clues to important physiologic mechanisms underlying the Δ%BF to LCD and LFD.