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Comparison of energy intake and satiety for whole grain barley, wheat and refined rice
Author(s) -
Schroeder Natalia,
Gallaher Dan,
Arndt Beth,
Marquart Len
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.459.6
Subject(s) - whole grains , crossover study , whole wheat , visual analogue scale , cereal grain , brown rice , food intake , medicine , zoology , agronomy , food science , biology , surgery , alternative medicine , pathology , placebo
This study compared the effect of whole grain high‐fiber barley, whole grain wheat and refined rice on energy intake and satiety. Fifty healthy subjects were recruited for this crossover design. Subjects consumed a hot cereal and a snack mix followed by an ad lib lunch once per week. Energy intake was measured through pre and post plate waste as part of the smorgasbord lunch. Through the use of a visual analog scale, hunger and fullness were measured for within and between treatment differences. Data analysis was completed using Proc mixed for between treatment differences and proc t‐test for within treatment differences. Energy intake at lunch did not significantly differ between treatments (p<0.8626). Satiety differed between and within treatments. Subject's felt significantly less hungry on the barley compared to the wheat (p<0.0208). Additionally, the subjects reported significantly less hunger before lunch compared to baseline (p<0.0017) for barley, but not for wheat (p<0.2085) or rice (p<0.0717). The greatest fullness was experienced on the barley compared to the wheat (p<0.0530). Compared to baseline, subjects felt the fullest before lunch on the barley followed by the wheat, and rice. Longer term studies are needed to assess the impact of whole grain foods on energy intake, satiety and weight management. ConAgra Foods Inc.