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Cholesterol provided by eggs and carbohydrate restriction distinctly modulate lipoprotein metabolism in adult men
Author(s) -
Mutungi Gisella,
Ratliff Joseph,
Puglisi Michael,
Volek Jeff S,
Fernandez Maria Luz
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.449.4
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , apolipoprotein b , hepatic lipase , chemistry , cholesterol , lipoprotein , lipoprotein lipase , metabolism , very low density lipoprotein , lecithin , carbohydrate , biology , biochemistry , adipose tissue
Twenty eight men (BMI 26‐37 kg/m 2 ) between 40‐70 y were recruited to evaluate the effects of carbohydrate restriction (CR, ~10% energy from carbohydrates) and dietary cholesterol (CHOL) on lipoprotein metabolism. Subjects were randomly allocated to the EGG group (640 additional mg CHOL/d) or the SUB group (0 mg additional CHOL/d) for 12 wk. Lipoprotein size and subclasses determined by use of NMR, apolipoproteins (apo) A‐I, A‐II, B, C‐II, C‐III, and E measured by antibody‐immobilized beads and Luminex MAP technology and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesterol ester transfer protein activities were measured both at baseline and post‐intervention. We observed a 45% decrease in plasma triglycerides for all subjects, which was associated with decreases in the large and medium VLDL subclasses (P < 0.001). In agreement with these observations, a decrease in apo B (P < 0.01) was also observed. In addition, CR resulted in a 133% increase in apo C‐II [lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activator] and a 65% decrease in apo C‐III, (LPL inhibitor) (P < 0.0001). The smaller HDL subclasses and apo A‐II levels were also decreased at 12 wk (P < 0.001). CHOL effects were mainly on LDL and HDL metabolism. Although an increase of the larger LDL subclass was observed for all subjects, the EGG group had a greater increase (P < 0.05). The EGG group also presented increases in HDL‐C, higher number of large HDL particles (P < 0.01) and an increased LCAT activity (P < 0.05) compared to the SUB group. These results indicate that CR favorably alters VLDL metabolism while CHOL provided by eggs favors the formation of less atherogenic lipoproteins, larger LDL and HDL.