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Effects of diets restricted in fat and carbohydrate with and without resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk
Author(s) -
Ballard Kevin David,
Quann Erin E,
Puglisi Michael J,
Forsythe Cassandra E,
Volk Brittanie M,
Labonte Cherise C,
Fernandez MariaLuz L,
Kraemer William J,
Scheett Timothy P,
Volek Jeff S
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.305.4
Subject(s) - medicine , lean body mass , endocrinology , overweight , squat , bench press , composition (language) , insulin resistance , fat mass , carbohydrate , body fat percentage , resistance training , obesity , zoology , body weight , physical therapy , biology , linguistics , philosophy
To examine the effects of carbohydrate restricted (CRD) and low fat diets (LFD) alone and in combination with resistance training (RT) on body composition and cardiovascular risk, 47 overweight (BMI 31.26±3.78) men (age 33.7±1.5y) were assigned to LFD (25% of energy) or a CRD (15% of energy). Two additional groups performed a whole body, nonlinear periodized RT program 3 d/wk while consuming either the LFD or the CRD diet. Body composition (via DXA), fasting blood lipids and exercise performance were determined before and after the 12 wk intervention. RESULTS: Reductions in body mass, fat mass, percent body fat and abdominal fat were greater in the CRD than the LFD (p<0.001). The addition of RT to the CRD resulted in greater improvements in percent body fat than diet alone (−4.8 vs. −5.5% for CRD and CRD‐RT, respectively). Gains in lean body mass were demonstrated in the RT groups only (p=0.004). CRD resulted in greater reductions in plasma triglycerides (TG) (p=0.023) and TG/HDL‐C ratio (p=0.035), while increasing LDL peak particle size (p<0.001). Maximum bench press and back squat strength were greater (p=0.002) in the RT groups, with no diet effect detected. CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise is an effective strategy to combat diet induced losses of lean body mass. The combination of CRD and RT resulted in the greatest improvements in body composition and cardiovascular health. Source of research funding: Nature's Bounty.