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A Primer for Understanding Neuro‐Immune Interactions”
Author(s) -
Sanders Virginia
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.240.1
Subject(s) - foxp3 , effector , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , biology , t cell , cytokine , immunology , neuroscience
One of the most exciting discoveries in neuroscience has been that CD4+ T lymphocytes possess selective effector functions that are involved in mediating nerve injury, survival, and/or repair. The predominant CD4+ T cell subtypes are the T‐helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, inducible T‐regulatory‐1 (Tr1), and natural Foxp3 + T‐regulatory (Foxp3 + Treg) cell. These CD4+ T cell subtypes express distinct cytokine profiles, regulate each other's development and function, and decide the nature and intensity of most immune responses. Th1 and Th17 cells are considered to be proinflammatory subtypes, while Th2, Tr1, and Foxp3 + Treg cells are considered antiinflammatory. Although human CD4+ effector T cells do not polarize their cytokine profiles as clearly as murine cells, their functional polarization is clearly similar. The role played by each effector CD4+ T cell subtype in mediating neurodestruction versus neuroprotection, as well as the mechanisms responsible for each effect, will be discussed.