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Cinnamon affects immune responses by regulating anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory gene expression and energy metabolism in macrophages
Author(s) -
Cao Heping,
Urban Joseph F.,
Anderson Richard A.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.158.6
Subject(s) - lipopolysaccharide , glut1 , proinflammatory cytokine , tristetraprolin , gene expression , immune system , glucose transporter , endocrinology , chemistry , tumor necrosis factor alpha , messenger rna , medicine , insulin , inflammation , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , immunology , biochemistry , rna binding protein
Tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36) family proteins have anti‐inflammatory effects by destabilizing pro‐inflammatory mRNAs. TTP expression is induced by insulin and cinnamon polyphenol extracts (CPE) in adipocytes, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, and by green tea polyphenol extract in rat muscle and liver cells. This study compared the effects of CPE, insulin, and LPS on the expression of genes encoding TTP, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and glucose transporter (GLUT) families in RAW264.7 cells. CPE increased TTP mRNA and protein levels to a lesser extent than LPS. CPE (100 ìg/ml, 4 h) increased TTP, TNF, COX2, and IL6 mRNA levels up to 2, 6, 3, and 3‐ fold, respectively. LPS (0.1 ìg/ml, 4 h) increased TTP, TNF, GM‐CSF, COX2, and IL6 mRNA levels by 39, 48, 1256, 532, and 1868‐ fold, respectively. CPE and LPS increased the expression of GLUT1 (the major GLUT form in macrophages) by three and two‐fold, respectively. Insulin (100 nM, 0.5–4 h) did not exhibit significant effects on the expression of these genes. CPE increased TTP gene expression more rapidly than the pro‐inflammatory cytokines measured, and the net increase in TTP mRNA was larger than those of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that CPE may affect immune responses by regulating anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory gene expression and energy metabolism in macrophages (supported in part by USDA‐ARS Human Nutrition Research Program).