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Consumption of pistachios significantly reduces IL‐1 expression in isolated human mononuclear cells
Author(s) -
Gebauer Sarah K,
Zhang Jun,
Heuvel John P Vanden,
KrisEtherton Penny M
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1097.2
Subject(s) - polyunsaturated fatty acid , medicine , crossover study , chemistry , endocrinology , zoology , food science , biology , biochemistry , fatty acid , pathology , alternative medicine , placebo
The effects of nuts on CVD risk have been well studied, but little is known about pistachios. A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study was conducted to compare the effects of 2 doses of pistachios on CVD risk factors in hypercholesterolemic adults (n=22; LDL‐C = 133 ± 4 mg/dl). Subjects were fed 3 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk each after a 2‐wk run‐in diet [35% total fat (TF), 11% SFA, 8% PUFA, 13% MUFA]. Diets included a Step‐I diet without pistachios (25% TF, 8% SFA, 5% PUFA, 9% MUFA), with 1.5 oz/d (1.5 PD, 10% en; 30% TF, 8% SFA, 6% PUFA, 12% MUFA), and 3 oz/d (3 PD, 20% en; 34% TF, 8% SFA, 8% PUFA, 15% MUFA). There was a significant (P < .05) reduction in IL‐1 expression after the 1.5 PD (−36%) and 3 PD (−44%). Those with low serum CRP (<1 mg/L) had a greater decrease in IL‐1 expression (P<.05). After consumption of the 3 PD, IL‐1 expression was directly associated with expression of TNFα (r = .9, P < .0001), CRP (r = .5, P < .05), IL‐6 (r = .7, P < .001) and ICAM (r = .8, P < .0001). Changes in IL‐1 expression were directly associated with plasma PUFA (r = .3, P < .05), specifically 18:3 n‐6 (r = .4, P < .01) and 20:4 n‐6 (r = .4, P < .01), and inversely associated with MUFA (r = −.5, P < 0.001), specifically 18:1 (r = −.6, P < 0.0001). Including pistachios in a heart healthy diet reduces IL‐1 expression, thus beneficially affecting CVD inflammatory risk status. Funded by CA Pistachio Commission and partially by PSU GCRC (NIH grant M01RR10732)