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Fractions from Echinacea Species Inhibit Prostaglandin E2
Author(s) -
LaLone Carlie A.,
Solco Avery Kent Sia,
Kim Meehye,
Murphy Patricia A.,
Birt Diane F.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a733-b
Subject(s) - high performance liquid chromatography , prostaglandin e2 , chemistry , cytotoxicity , prostaglandin , chromatography , fraction (chemistry) , echinacea (animal) , caffeic acid , traditional medicine , biochemistry , biology , medicine , in vitro , antioxidant , endocrinology
The purpose of this research was to assess anti‐inflammatory activity of Echinacea fractions and improve understanding of how constituents interact. Fractions were prepared from Soxhlet EtOH extracts of E. purpurea , E. angustifolia , E. pallida , and E. tennesseensis using semi‐preparative reverse phased HPLC and analyzed at 260nm and 330nm to examine lipophilic alkamides and phenolic constituents, respectively. Fractions were screened using lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells and analyzed for prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production. Cytotoxicity was also studied using an MTS assay. A caffeic acid derivative rich fraction 1 (263 μg/ml), from E. angustifolia, significantly inhibited PGE 2 production (p<0.05), along with fraction 3 (5 μg/ml), containing a large HPLC peak for alkamides 8 and 9 (p<0.001). E. pallida , which consists mainly of ketones with no trace of alkamides, showed significant inhibition of PGE 2 (p<0.001) with fraction 3 (5 μg/ml), containing large peaks for ketones 20 and 21. Fraction 3 (20 μg/ml), from E. tennesseensis, significantly inhibited PGE 2 levels (p<0.05) and displayed large HPLC peaks for alkamides 12, 14, 16, and 17. Fractions from E. angustifolia , E. pallida , and E. tennesseensis that showed PGE 2 inhibition capabilities were not cytotoxic. E. purpurea fractions were unable to significantly inhibit PGE 2 levels. Funded by P01 ES012020 from ODS/NIEHS, NIH.