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Absorption of exogenous ganglioside GD3 by human intestine CaCo‐2 cells
Author(s) -
Schnabl Kareena Leanne,
Larcelet Marjorie,
Clandinin Michael T,
Thomson Alan B.R.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a699-d
Subject(s) - chemistry , caco 2 , ganglioside , brush border , membrane , epithelial polarity , absorption (acoustics) , small intestine , cell , biochemistry , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , vesicle , biology , physics , acoustics
Ganglioside GD3 is a glycolipid found in human milk and membranes of developing tissues and tumors. Evidence shows important roles for GD3 in regulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. It is not known how or to what extent GD3 is absorbed by the intestine. The objective was to determine the mechanism and efficiency of GD3 uptake and transfer across the brush border membrane (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) of human enterocytes. GD3 was delivered to the BBM or BLM side of differentiated, polarized CaCo‐2 cells and GD3 uptake, retention, transfer and metabolism were measured over time. BLM GD3 uptake was rapid, time‐dependent and reached a plateau of 60% efficiency at 24 h. Trace amounts of BLM GD3 were retained by cells or transferred with 96% being metabolized. In contrast to BLM GD3 uptake, BBM GD3 uptake was slower and 38% less efficient with some GD3 retained and more GD3 transferred and metabolized. Independent of delivery route, little absorbed GD3 was retained within cell membranes with more GD3 available for extracellular protection and distribution to tissues. These results suggest the presence of an efficient BLM carrier that tightly regulates intracellular GD3 concentrations. Moreover, the results support potential use of ganglioside‐containing enteral or parenteral products to promote intestinal development or treat intestinal conditions such as inflammation or cancer. This research project was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.