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Lipid composition of human milk from mediterranean lactating women: interest of polyunsaturated fatty acids vectors and plasmalogen?
Author(s) -
Garcia Cyrielle,
Millet Véronique,
Pitel Séverine,
Mimoun Myriam,
Ridet Audrey,
Coste Thierry C,
Armand Martine
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a688
Subject(s) - polyunsaturated fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid , arachidonic acid , food science , chemistry , linoleic acid , composition (language) , plasmalogen , linseed oil , phospholipid , fatty acid , biochemistry , linguistics , philosophy , enzyme , membrane
Human milk is beneficial for newborn development partly thanks to its composition in polyinsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Recently, a more efficient bioavailability of PUFA when provided by phospholipids (PL) have been shown, and some specific PL (plasmalogens) seems to play a key role as antioxidant. Our objective was to study the PUFA and plasmalogens composition of milk from 25 lactating women living in Marseille. Triglycerides (TG) and PL were quantitated, respectively, using commercial kit and phosphorus determination. Fatty acids profile of TG and PL, after species separation using thin layer chromatography, and plasmalogens (DMA 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Total lipid concentrations varied from 1.34 to 4.95 %, TG and PL representing, respectively, 97–99 and 0.4–3% of lipids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was provided either by TG and PL from, respectively, 0–20 mg and 0.16–6 mg/100mL milk. The ω6/ω3 ratio was very variable ranging from 4 to 24, and PUFA levels were often lower than the recommended dietary allowances for infants (linoleic acid: 7–22%, α‐linolenic acid: 0.3–3%, arachidonic acid: 0–1%, and DHA: 0–1.4%). Plasmalogens were present in human milk at amounts varying from 1.7–19.6 mg/L milk. This work raises the interest to propose PUFA (especially ω3) supplements in lactating women living in Marseille, and opens the question of the exact role of plasmalogens in human milk.