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Bio‐printing of living organized tissues using an inkjet technology
Author(s) -
Xu Tao,
Zhao Weixin,
Zhu JianMing,
Atala Anthony,
Yoo James J.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a636-b
Subject(s) - inkjet printing , extracellular matrix , cell type , cell , tissue engineering , microbiology and biotechnology , nanotechnology , 3d printed , function (biology) , materials science , chemistry , inkwell , biomedical engineering , biology , engineering , biochemistry , composite material
Living tissues maintain an inherent multi‐cellular heterogeneous structure. Rebuilding of such complex structure requires subtle arrangements of different types of cells and extracellular matrices (ECM) at their specific anatomical target sites. The inkjet printing technology has been applied to address this endeavor. Although the capability of inkjet printing of viable single cells has been reported, simultaneous printing of multiple cell types to build viable heterogeneous cellular structures has not been demonstrated to date. This study is directed towards developing a novel and versatile method for creating complex tissue structures that use simultaneous ink‐jetting of multiple cell types and ECM. To demonstrate this concept, 3 different cell types, consisting of human amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (hAFSC), smooth muscle cells (SMC), and bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC), were printed using a thermal inkjet printer to form a heterogeneous cell configuration. Each of the printed cell types maintained viability, proliferation, phenotypic expression, and normal physiological function within the complex structures in‐vitro. Bio‐printed cell constructs survived and matured into functional tissues with adequate vascularization in vivo. These findings demonstrate that fabrication of complex hybrid tissue structures requirin multiple cell types can be achieved using inkjet technology.