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Dietary calcium and dairy modulation of oxidative and inflammatory stress in mice and humans
Author(s) -
Zemel Michael B,
Sun Xiaocun
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a358-c
Subject(s) - oxidative stress , endocrinology , adiponectin , medicine , adipose tissue , chemistry , calcium , calcitriol , reactive oxygen species , obesity , biochemistry , insulin resistance
We have recently shown calcitriol to increase oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory stress (IS) in vitro , while suppression of calcitriol with dietary Ca decreased OS and IS in vivo . However, dairy contains additional factors, such as ACE inhibitors, which may further suppress OS and IS. Accordingly, we studied the short‐term (3 week) effects of low Ca (0.4%), high Ca (1.2% from CaCO 3 ) and high dairy (1.2% Ca from milk) obesigenic diets on OS and IS in aP2‐ agouti transgenic mice. Adipose tissue reactive oxygen species production and NADPH oxidase and plasma MDA were reduced by high Ca and further decreased by high dairy (p=0.002). The high Ca diet also resulted in marked suppression of adipose tissue TNF‐α and IL‐6 expression and release (p=0.001) and further suppression by the dairy diet, while an inverse pattern was noted for adiponectin and IL‐15 (p=0.002). Consequently, we conducted a follow‐up evaluation of adiponectin and CRP in archival samples from two previous clinical trials. 24‐weeks of feeding a high dairy diet resulted in an 11% decrease in CRP on a eucaloric diet (p<0.03) and a 29% decrease on a hypocaloric diet (p<0.01). Adiponectin decreased by 8% on the eucaloric high dairy diet (p=0.003) and 18% on the hypocaloric high diary diet (p<0.05). These data demonstrate that dietary Ca suppresses adipose tissue oxidative and inflammatory stress, and that dairy exerts an additional, non‐Ca‐mediated effect.