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Infant diet and cardiovascular reactivity during the first year of life
Author(s) -
Pivik R. T.,
Jing H.,
Gilchrist J. M.,
Badger T. M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a322
Subject(s) - analysis of variance , medicine , repeated measures design , heart rate , startle response , startle reaction , stimulus (psychology) , audiology , psychology , endocrinology , physiology , reflex , blood pressure , statistics , mathematics , psychotherapist
The postnatal maturation of cardiac control and reactivity has implications for later behavioral self regulation and information processing. The influence of infant diet on heart‐rate (HR) responses to acoustic stimuli were evaluated in awake healthy full‐term infants exclusively breast fed (BF; n = 87), or fed milk (MF; n = 87) or soy formula (SF; n = 69). At ages 3, 6, 9 and 12 months startle stimuli [1000 Hz, 105dB, 50 ms] were presented with and without a preceding tone (1000 Hz, 75 dB, 2 sec; 4 trials each, inter‐trial intervals ≥25 sec). Artifact‐free recordings were digitized (1000 Hz), inter‐beat intervals determined, interpolated and downsampled at 5 Hz. Data (2 sec pre‐, 4 sec post‐startle stimulus) were analyzed using ANOVAs with post‐hoc t‐tests. There was marked within‐ and between‐group response variability across this developmental period. For all groups after 3 months HR deceleration was present to both stimuli (p < .01) and was greatest to pre‐conditioned startle stimuli (p < .01). BF infants were more reactive than bottle‐fed infants at 3 months (p<.05), but group effects at later ages were non‐significant. These are preliminary data from a longitudinal prospective study of the effects of infant feeding on cardiovascular activity related to child behavior and the long‐term behavioral significance of these early diet‐related differences is unknown. Supported by USDA CRIS 6251‐51000‐002‐03S