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Altered Gene Expression in Skin after Sulfur Mustard Exposure
Author(s) -
Chang YokeChen,
Zito Patrick M,
Hahn Rita A,
Sabourin Carol LK,
Casillas Robert P,
Gordon Marion K,
Gerecke Donald R
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a233
Subject(s) - gene , biology , extracellular matrix , microarray , gene expression , microarray analysis techniques , extracellular , transcription factor , signal transduction , sulfur mustard , microbiology and biotechnology , gene expression profiling , transcription (linguistics) , genetics , medicine , toxicity , linguistics , philosophy
Skin from mice exposed to a high level (0.08 mg) of sulfur mustard [bis‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐sulfide; SM] were collected at early (6, 12, 24h) or late (72 and 168 h) post exposure times and analyzed by Affymetrix murine high‐density oligonucleotide microarray (46K genes and ESTs). More than 3000 genes changed by 2‐fold or greater. Cluster analysis resulted in 6 groups: those up‐regulated throughout the study (cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors); those up‐regulated only at early timepoints (mainly families of cellular activators, and cell regulators); those up‐regulated late (families of genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses); those down‐regulated throughout the study (mostly cytoskeletal and extracellular structural genes and oxidoreductase genes such as the cytochrome P450 family); those down‐regulated only at early timepoints (mainly molecules regulating growth signal transduction, adhesion, and structure); those down‐regulated late, such as other extracellular matrix proteins and growth and transcription factors. Selected genes were analyzed by quantitative PCR verified the data. The results provide a further understanding to cutaneous SM exposure and should facilitate the identification of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for treating SM‐exposed skin. *This work is supported by NIH grants AR055073, ES05022, and ES07148.