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Nitric Oxide Regulation of Myotome Development by Lipid Raft Constituent Nitric Oxide Synthase in Chicken Embryos
Author(s) -
Berry Karen Ann,
Chandiramani Natasha,
Lee Seung Jong,
Denetclaw Wilfred F.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a202-e
Subject(s) - ectoderm , microbiology and biotechnology , myotome , endocrinology , chemistry , medicine , biology , anatomy , embryogenesis , embryo , somite
Morphogens may produce their signaling actions for somitic myogenesis through lipid rafts present in ectoderm and myotome‐producing dermomyotome. Ectoderm treatment, in ovo , with a lipid raft disruptor, methyl β‐cyclodextrin (MBC), rapidly halts myotome formation suggesting an intracellular signal. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates skeletal muscle differentiation and may also be a regulator of myotome development. We used DAF2‐DA to monitor a possible paracrine mode of NO signaling between ectoderm and dermomyotome. Our results show resting ectoderm NO levels were 3‐times higher than in dermomyotome. Ectoderm initiates a NO wave that begins locally and rapidly spreads over the ectoderm remaining elevated for 20 minutes before decreasing back to resting NO levels. Dermomyotome filopodia in contact with high NO ectoderm also becomes elevated initiating a second wave in dermomyotome NO levels which proceed in a cranial‐to‐caudal direction. When MBC was added, ectoderm NO levels were undetectable compared to control resting ectoderm NO levels. When L‐NAME, a competitive inhibitor to nitric oxide synthase (NOS), was added, myotome formation was also blocked similar to MBC. We conclude that NOS is a lipid raft associated enzyme in ectoderm and that its activity is blocked by MBC and L‐NAME showing that ectoderm and dermomyotome are coupled through NO signaling for early regulation of myotome in somites. NIH P20 MD000544