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The Kidney‐Introduction to its Structure and Function
Author(s) -
Gattone Vincent H.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a2-d
Subject(s) - afferent arterioles , tubuloglomerular feedback , juxtaglomerular apparatus , kidney , glomerulus , macula densa , nephron , anatomy , chemistry , renal physiology , loop of henle , medicine , endocrinology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , blood pressure , renin–angiotensin system
The kidney has numerous functions including: excretion of waste, regulation of body water and electrolytes, acid‐base regulation, detoxify/metabolize drugs/hormones, regulate blood pressure and endocrine. The kidney develops from mesoderm through an intricate process of branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud and mesenchyme induced to form epithelia and tubules. The mature kidney receives approximately 20% of cardiac output to fulfill these functions, making it one of the most blood‐perfused organs in the body. The blood is evenly distribute throughout the cortex through an arterial tree comprised of; arcuate, cortical radial (interlobular) arteries and then into afferent arterioles which supplies the glomeruli. First the blood must be filtered through the glomerular filtration barrier, a delicate and selective process that occurs in high pressure capillary tufts. The filtrate (a couple hundred liters per day) then enters the tubular portion of the million or so nephrons found in each human kidney to reabsorb most of the filtrate and secrete additional waste substances in the generation of urine. The filtrate navigates its way through these distinct tubule segments, traversing both cortex and medulla. The distal tubule passes adjacent to the glomerular vascular pole and afferent arteriole (the juxtaglomerular apparatus) to allow tubular signals to modify glomerular function (by tubuloglomerular feedback). In this Master‐Class, speakers will review current knowledge on the glomerulus, tubuloglomerular feedbac, tubular cell biology and kidney development.