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Whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber measured using 7‐d diet records: associations with risk factors for chronic disease
Author(s) -
Newby P. K.,
Maras Janice,
Bakun Peter,
Muller Denis,
Ferrucci Luigi,
Tucker Katherine L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a177
Subject(s) - waist , whole grains , refined grains , medicine , circumference , dietary fiber , fiber , ingredient , zoology , obesity , environmental health , food science , biology , chemistry , mathematics , geometry , organic chemistry , pathology
There are no epidemiologic studies that have measured quantitatively (g/d) whole and refined grain intakes using the gold standard of dietary assessment, 7‐d diet records. Our objective was to examine associations between dietary intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber and several risk factors for chronic disease. Subjects were 1147 healthy men and women participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diet was assessed using 7‐day dietary records, and whole and refined grain intakes and cereal fiber (g/d) were estimated using the USDA Food Guide Pyramid Servings database and the CSFII ingredient database. Compared to subjects in the lowest whole grain quintile, those in the highest quintile had a lower BMI ( P trend =0.004) and weight ( P trend =0.02), smaller waist circumference ( P trend =0.001), and lower triacylglycerols ( P trend =0.007) in multivariate adjusted models. Cereal fiber was similarly inversely related to BMI, weight, and waist circumference ( P trend <0.05 for all), and was also inversely associated with total cholesterol ( P trend =0.02). No significant relations between refined grains and any of the risk factors were observed. Our study shows significant and similar associations between whole grains and cereal fiber and weight, BMI, and waist circumference, thus cereal fiber may mediate these relations. Longitudinal studies are needed to reproduce these findings.