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Biomaterials‐Directed In Vivo Commitment of Mesenchymal Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Author(s) -
Hwang Nathaniel Sukyeon,
Varghese Shyni,
Lee Hyeseung Janice,
Zhang Zijun,
Elisseeff Jennifer
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a145-a
Subject(s) - endochondral ossification , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , embryonic stem cell , ossification , cartilage , chemistry , cellular differentiation , plga , stem cell , population , chondrogenesis , intramembranous ossification , biomedical engineering , anatomy , biology , in vitro , medicine , biochemistry , environmental health , gene
Spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) leads to a heterogeneous population of differentiated and undifferentiated cells. This heterogeneous population limits the potential use of hESCs for cell‐based therapies and studies of specific differentiation programs. Here, we describe an efficient derivation and characterization of mesenchymal‐precursor cells having multilineage differentiation potential into fat, cartilage, and bone in vitro, and their in vivo commitment to osteogenic lineage via endochondral and intramembraneous ossification. The process of endochondral ossification was verified by cartilaginous tissue formation followed by blood vessel recruitment and calcification in poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLGA/PLLA) polymer scaffolds. In addition, direct bone tissue formation via intramembraneous ossification was induced in the hydroxyapatite (HA) containing PLGA/PLLA composite scaffolds. In view of the limited available cell sources for cartilage and bone regeneration applications, our results show promise of ESCs as ultimate cell source for cell‐based musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. Moreover, our results indicate that the ossification mechanisms of these cells can be regulated by the scaffold mediated microenvironments.