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Effects of energy density and feeding frequency of complementary foods on total daily energy intake and breast milk consumption by healthy, breastfed children in Bangladesh
Author(s) -
Islam M Munirul,
Khatun Makhduma,
Peerson Janet M,
Ahmed Tahmeed,
Mollah M Abid Hossain,
Dewey Kathryn G,
Brown Kenneth H
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a118-d
Subject(s) - energy density , meal , breast milk , medicine , total energy , breast feeding , zoology , food science , physiology , biology , pediatrics , psychology , physics , biochemistry , theoretical physics , displacement (psychology) , psychotherapist
To determine the effects of energy density and feeding frequency of complementary foods (CFs) on total daily energy intake and breast milk consumption, we measured intakes of semisolid cereal porridges and breast milk by 18 healthy, breastfed infants 8–11 mo of age. During 9 separate, randomly ordered dietary periods lasting 3–6 days each, children received coded porridges with energy densities 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 kcal/g, either 3, 4, or 5 times/d. Ad libitum intakes of porridges and breast milk were measured during the last two days of each period. The mean amounts of CFs consumed were inversely related to their energy density and positively related to the number of meals/d (P <0.0001 for both), whereas energy intakes from CFs were positively related to both factors (see Table). Despite ~8–12% decreases in breast milk intake when CFs with energy density 1.5 kcal/g were served (P <0.0001), and when meal frequency increased from 3 to 5 meals/d (P=0.01), total energy intakes (kcal/d) increased in relation to both energy density and feeding frequency of CFs (P < 0.0001 for both). Longer term effects of complementary feeding practices on breast milk intake should be explored.