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Milk fortified with iron and zinc improves physical growth of Mexican toddlers, quantitatively and qualitatively
Author(s) -
Villalpando Salvador,
Shamah Teresa,
Cuevas Lucia,
Jimenez Alejandra,
Dommarco Juan Angel Rivera
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a108
Subject(s) - micronutrient , zoology , medicine , zinc , fortification , vitamin , chemistry , food science , biology , pathology , organic chemistry
This study evaluate the effectiveness of a nation‐wide program distributing milk fortified with 10 mg of iron (gluconate), 10 mg zinc (oxide), vitamin C and other micronutrients on the linear growth and body composition of 1084 Mexican toddlers 12–30 mo of age. Children were randomly assigned to receive daily either 500 mL of fortified milk for 2 years (FM2Y) or non‐fortified milk for one year followed by fortified milk the second years (FM1Y), under the normal operation conditions of the program. A comparable third group that never received fortified milk was assembled the second year (C) selected from the same communities. Body height and weight at 0 and 2 years, and Fat‐free mass (FFM) by impedanciometry, physical activity by accelerometry at 2 years after intervention were measured. Means from linear regression models, adjusting for basal measurements of the variables, age, sex, socioeconomic status and nesting within the communities were calculated. Prevalences were compared by X2. Means height (FM2Y=99.8±3.2 cm, FM1Y=99.3±3.3 cm vs C group=97.1± 3.1 cm, p<0,001); FFM (FM2Y=10.4±0.87 kg, FM1Y=10.3.7±0.87 kg vs 9.7±0.91 kg C, p<0.001); AF (FM2Y=288±115 kcal, FM1Y= 321± 115 kcal and C=241±109 kcal, p<0.001) were higher in the FM2Y and FM1Y than in the C group. The basal prevalence of stunting lessened from 11.5 % to 6.3% FM2Y, 8.3% FM1Y and 11.9% in the C group. This program distributing milk fortified with iron and zinc to 5 million children demonstrated to be effective to improve the quantity and quality of growth.