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Periodontal Disease Induces Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Author(s) -
Stanisic Dragana,
Singh Mahavir,
George Akash,
Homme Rubens,
Tyagi Suresh
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.03651
Subject(s) - medicine , porphyromonas gingivalis , lactobacillus rhamnosus , inflammation , cytokine , fibrosis , lipopolysaccharide , immunology , lactobacillus , endocrinology , periodontitis , biology , bacteria , genetics
Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) is one of the most responsible periodontopathogenic bacteria in the development of periodontal disease (PD), however its role in the development of cardiovascular disease has been little researched and is not completely clear. The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an association between PD induced by P. gingivalis (via bacteremia) with the development of cardiovascular disease and whether long‐term administration of probiotics (PB) could help improve cardiovascular functions. To test this hypothesis we employed 4 different experimental groups of mice, designated as: Group‐I: WT mice (C57BL/6J); Group‐II: WT + LGG ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; LGG); a promoter of the ketone body food for mitochondria), Group‐III: PD ( P.gingivalis ), and Group‐IV: PD + LGG ( P.gingivalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ). PD simulating conditions were created by injecting 20 µg of P. gingivalis ‐LPS intragingivally between the 1st, and 2nd mandibular molars, twice a week for a total of 6 weeks. The PB administration was done orally employing 2.5x105 colony forming units (CFU)/day for a continuous period of 12 weeks. Immediately before the mice were sacrificed, echocardiography (ECG) of the heart was performed in each mouse, and after the sacrifice, we collected serum, and the cardiac tissue. Histological assessment, cytokine analysis, and zymography of the cardiac tissue were performed. Inflammation of the heart muscle was observed in the PD group, as well as infiltration with neutrophils, and monocytes along with fibrosis were the prominent features. Cytokine analysis showed that serum, and tissue TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17A, INF‐γ levels were significantly elevated in the PD group, while serum LBP, and CD‐14 concentrations showed that bacteremia was responsible for the resulting changes. Most importantly, we observed the presence and elevated levels of P. gingivalis mRNA in the heart tissue of the PD mice. The zymographic analysis revealed matrix remodeling as demonstrated by increased MMP‐9 levels in the heart tissues of PD mice. Interestingly, LGG (PB) treatment mitigated these effects suggesting that PD, and P.gingivalis can lead to disorders of the cardiovascular system, and that therapeutic applications of LGG (PB) could alleviate, and prevent the consequences of bacteremia on cardiovascular functions.