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Endocrine effects of alcohol and nicotine exposure of alcohol and nicotine exposure in Dams and F1 generation of weaned offspring(s) of female Wistar rats
Author(s) -
Akintayo Christopher,
Ojo Joanna
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02869
Subject(s) - nicotine , alcohol , offspring , endocrinology , medicine , body weight , hormone , endocrine system , physiology , pregnancy , biology , biochemistry , genetics
Exposure to nicotine and alcohol in female Wistar rats (Dams) has been indicated in alteration of hormonal status and decreased female fertility success rate. However, harmful effects of alcohol and/or nicotine exposure on fecundity and reproduction have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of alcohol and nicotine on the female reproductive system, on the reproductive hormonal profile of the female rats. Animals weighing between 150‐200g were randomly divided into seven groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 was the control (given distilled water), group 2 received alcohol (3g/kg body weight, 25% v/v), group 3 was treated with nicotine (0.5 mg/kg body weight), group 4 received alcohol (3g/kg body weight, 25% v/v)+ nicotine (0.5mg/kg body weight), group 5 was alcohol withdrawal (3g/kg body weight, 25% v/v), group 6 served as the nicotine withdrawal group (0.5mg/kg body weight), group 7 was the alcohol (3g/kg body weight, 25% v/v)+ nicotine (0.5mg/kg body weight) withdrawal group, treatment lasted for 21 days and another 21 days for withdrawal. At the end of the experiment, the final body weight and organ weight were determined, hormonal assay and number of pups delivered was determined. The histological examination of selected organs (hypothalamus, fallopian tube, ovary and uterus) was determined. The results showed significant decrease in FSH, LH, progesterone and estrogen when compared with control group, however, in the withdrawal groups, the values of the hormonal profile were reversed almost to that of the control. There was a significant increase in T3 in group 2 (alcohol alone), 3 (nicotine) and group 4 (alcohol + nicotine) compared with their control counterpart. However, there was restoration of almost all the values obtained in the withdrawal groups compared with the control. Histological assessment showed inflammation of the liver in the nicotine withdrawal group, congestion and fibrosis were found in the ovary of group 2 rats. There were mild congestion in group 6 (nicotine withdrawal), and group 7 (alcohol + nicotine withdrawal). There were inflammation and fibrosis found in the uterus of the experimental treated rats. There was hemorrhage noticed in the hypothalamus in nicotine treated rats (group 3) and group (alcohol + nicotine). There was 0 % fertility outcome in groups treated with alcohol, alcohol + nicotine; however, in the withdrawal group the dams had pups. Thus this study showed that administration of alcohol and nicotine had significant effect on the serum hormonal concentration, organ weight as well as the histological outcome. Therefore the deleterious effect of alcohol and nicotine could be linked to the direct effect on the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian (HPG) axis.