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The Effect of Caffeine and 1976T>C (ADORA2A) Genetic Variants on Anaerobic Performance during a 30‐Second Wingate Test
Author(s) -
Beiler Joshua,
Smith Caleb,
Caldwell Rachel,
Wright Madison,
Mayo Anna,
Beveridge Abigail,
Kieffer H. Scott,
Shin Michael
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09914
Subject(s) - caffeine , anaerobic exercise , zoology , medicine , endocrinology , biology , physiology
The supplementation of caffeine is often used to elicit an enhancement of focus, arousal, or performance; however, intra‐individual response to caffeine has been shown to vary the effects of caffeine. Genetic variation of the adenosine receptor, 1976T>C (ADORA2A), has been linked to caffeine sensitivity and is a potential target for understanding individual differences. The TT genotype demonstrates an increased sensitivity to caffeine compared to the TC/CC genotype. The anxiogenic effects, genetic influences, and pharmacological interactions play a role in the ergogenic effects of caffeine. PURPOSE To examine the effects of caffeine and ADORA2A genetic variants on anaerobic performance during a 30s Wingate test. METHODS Sixteen trained subjects (age=19.8±0.5 years, weight=70.5±10.3 kg, height=175.8±8.8 cm) volunteered for a randomized, counterbalanced, and double‐blind study. Sixty minutes prior to testing, the subjects ingested a gelatin capsule containing either caffeine (CAF), 5mg·kg −1 bodyweight (BW), or a proportional placebo (PLA) of maltodextrin. The 30‐second Wingate Test (WAnT30) trials were performed on a Velotron cycle ergometer at 0.075 kg·BW −1 resistance and were separated by a minimum of 48 hours. Anaerobic power (AP) (W·kg −1 ), anaerobic capacity (AC) (W·kg −1 ), and total power (TP) (W) were determined for each condition. Genotype was determined using a mouth rinse of 0.9% NaCl to obtain buccal epithelial cells, which were lysed using proteinase k. DNA was extracted using QiAmp Mini spin columns. The allelic determination of ADORA2A was identified using TaqMan® SNP Assay (rs5751876) and 40 thermocycles for amplification with a One‐Step qPCR (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). The data was analyzed using a 2 (condition) × 2 (genotype) ANOVA with repeated measures, p < 0.05. RESULTS Genotypic distribution resulted in 6 TT and 10 TC/CC individuals. The main effect of condition, PLA vs CAF, produced no significant ergogenic effect for AP (P=0.52), AC (p=0.67), or TP (p=0.85). The main effect of ADORA2A, TT vs TC/CC, produced no significant difference for AP (p=0.95), AC (p=0.49), or TP (p=0.95). The interaction effect of condition x genotype showed no significant differences for AP (p=0.65), AC (p=0.94), or TP (p=0.95). Although follow up simple effect tests showed no significant differences for AP, individuals with the TT genotype showed a 4.5% (11.2±1.12 to 11.7±1.3), PLA to CAF, improvement compared to the 0.81% (11.4±1.4 to 11.5±1.3) improvement of the TC/CC individuals. Likewise, for TP (W), TT individuals improved by 1.8% (192975±25911 to 196525±21111) while TC/CC individuals increased only 0.94% (194787±48699 to 196635±44092). CONCLUSION Caffeine did not elicit a significant anaerobic ergogenic effect for the WAnt30. However, the results indicate that individuals with the TT genotype did experience larger percent improvement than their TC/CC counterparts. As such, future research should continue to investigate these inter‐individual differences by increasing sample size and identifying other genes that interact with caffeine. Support or Funding Information Messiah College