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Exercise‐induced increase in hemoglobin concentration at intermediate and high altitudes in Andeans, Tibetans and Han Chinese
Author(s) -
Gu Wanjun,
Wuren Tana,
Xu Ian,
Qin Ga,
Yan Ma,
Wei Guan,
Wagner Harrieth,
Macarlupu Jose,
Vicardo Gustavo,
Anza Cecilia,
Villafuerte Francisco,
Ge Ri-Li,
Wagner Peter,
Simonson Tatum
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09609
Subject(s) - effects of high altitude on humans , altitude (triangle) , hemoglobin , han chinese , demography , zoology , hypoxemia , biology , medicine , genetics , genotype , single nucleotide polymorphism , anatomy , gene , geometry , mathematics , sociology
An acute increase in hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) up to 1.6 g/dL has been previously reported under the condition of exercise‐induced hypoxemia in sea level individuals with COPD (Schagatay et.al 2015). Changes in [Hb] have been attributed to splenic contraction. To determine whether, and to what extent, [Hb] changes acutely in response to exercise in long‐term residents at high altitude, we compared hemoglobin concentration at rest and during exercise in male Andean (n = 14; 4330 m) and Tibetan (n = 21; 4200 m) native highlanders, whose ancestors have resided for hundreds of generations at altitude, as well as Han Chinese (n = 9; 4200 m) high‐altitude residents. In the latter two populations, we further examined male (Tibetan n = 10; Han n = 8) and female (Tibetan n = 9; Han n = 10) individuals both at a resident altitude of 2200 m and simulated altitude of 4200 m in a hypobaric chamber. We measured [Hb] at rest ([Hb] r ), and peak exercise ([Hb] p ), as well as blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), cardiac output (QT), VO2 and body mass index (BMI) and compared [Hb] p ‐ [Hb] r , denoted as Δ[Hb], for male Andeans at 4300 m, male Tibetans and Han Chinese resident at 4200 m, male and female Tibetans and Han Chinese resident at 2200 m and under simulated 4200 m. [Hb] significantly increased with exercise in all groups (P < 0.001 each) except for Han Chinese and Tibetan females at 4200 m. For male Andeans at 4300 m, Δ[Hb] was 1.11 g/dL. For Han Chinese and Tibetans at 2200 m, Δ[Hb] was 1.09 g/dL and 0.94 g/dL, respectively (males), and 1.17 g/dL and 1.01 g/dL respectively (females). For Han Chinese and Tibetans at 4200 m, Δ[Hb] was also significant (p < 0.001) at 1.20 g/dL and 0.87 g/dL respectively in males, but in females the increases were not. No significant difference of Δ[Hb] is observed across different ethnic groups regardless of sex at high altitude. The correlation between Δ[Hb] and SaO2 at maximum exercise level is found to be positive in the Andeans (p = 0.007) and not detected in Tibetans or Han Chinese. In addition, there is no significant correlation found between Δ[Hb] and BMI, [Hb] r , QT max or VO2 max . In conclusion, we observed an exercise‐induced increased [Hb] among Andeans, Tibetans and Han Chinese at high altitude and Tibetans and Han Chinese only at intermediate altitude. Thus, measurement of [Hb] in‐situ during hypoxia/exercise experiments are important to incorporate in studies of O2 transport. Furthermore, larger Δ[Hb] can be potentially beneficial to maintaining higher oxygen saturation at high altitude during acute exercise.[ Hb ]( g / dL ) of Tibetans, Han Chinese and AndeansAncestry Tibetans Han Chinese AndeansExercise LevelRest Peak Rest Peak Rest PeakMale 15.4 ± 1.3 16.2 ± 1.2 16.7 ± 1.3 17.4 ± 1.12200 mFemale 12.9 ± 1.8 13.5 ± 1.8 13.4 ± 1.2 14.1 ± 1.4Male 15.1 ± 1.0 16.1 ± 1.4 16.2 ± 1.0 17.1 ± 0.9 17.3 ± 1.6 18.4 ± 1.74200 mFemale 12.7 ± 1.5 13.1 ± 1.4 13.2 ± 1.3 13.8 ± 1.2