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Ketone Bodies Attenuate Wasting in Diverse Models of Atrophy
Author(s) -
Koutnik Andrew Paul,
Poff Angela M.,
Ward Nathan P.,
Deblasi Janine M.,
Soliven Maricel A.,
Romero Matthew A.,
Roberson Paul A.,
Fox Carl,
Roberts Michael D.,
D’Agostino Dominic P.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07217
Subject(s) - wasting , cachexia , muscle atrophy , atrophy , catabolism , skeletal muscle , endocrinology , medicine , ketone bodies , cancer , adipose tissue , protein catabolism , systemic inflammation , protein degradation , inflammation , cancer research , biology , biochemistry , metabolism , amino acid
Background Cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a distinct atrophy disease negatively influencing multiple aspects of clinical care and patient quality of life. Although it directly causes 20% of all cancer‐related deaths, there are currently no model systems that encompass the entire multifaceted syndrome, nor are there any effective therapeutic treatments. Methods A novel model of systemic metastasis was evaluated for the comprehensive CACS (metastasis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting, inflammation, anorexia, anemia, elevated protein breakdown, hypoalbuminemia, and metabolic derangement) in both males and females. Ex vivo skeletal muscle analysis was utilized to determine ubiquitin proteasom e degradation pathway activation. A novel ketone diester ( R/S 1,3‐butanediol acetoacetate diester) was assessed in multifaceted catabolic environments to determine anti‐atrophy efficacy. Results Here, we show that the VM‐M3 mouse model of systemic metastasis demonstrates a novel, immunocompetent, logistically feasible, repeatable phenotype with progressive tumor growth, spontaneous metastatic spread, and the full multifaceted CACS with sex dimorphisms across tissue wasting. We also demonstrate that the ubiquitin proteasom e degradation pathway was significantly upregulated in association with reduced IGF‐1/insulin and increased FOXO3a activation, but not TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation, driving skeletal muscle atrophy. Additionally, we show that R/S 1,3‐butanediol acetoacetate diester administration shifted systemic metabolism, attenuated tumor burden indices, reduced tissue catabolism, and mitigated comorbid symptoms in both CACS and cancer‐independent atrophy environments. Conclusions Our findings suggest the ketone diester attenuates multifactorial CACS skeletal muscle atrophy and inflammation‐induced tissue catabolism, demonstrating anti‐catabolic effects of ketones bodies in multifactorial atrophy. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by Disruptive Nutrition (Grant #: 61431150), Florida High Tech Corridor (Grant #: FHT 18‐15), Donner Foundation (Grant #: 61431151), and Office of Naval Research (Grant #: N00014‐18‐1‐2701). Additional funding for muscle molecular analysis were provided by discretionary laboratory funds of MDR.