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Effect of Prostate Cancer and Endurance Exercise Training on Aerobic Capacity
Author(s) -
Baumfalk Dryden R.,
Colburn Trenton D.,
Horn Andrew G.,
Kunkel Olivia N.,
Weber Ramona E.,
Musch Timothy I.,
Behnke Bradley J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07102
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , medicine , aerobic exercise , endurance training , prostate , cancer , androgen deprivation therapy , urology
Background Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non‐skin cancer in men accounting for 20% of all diagnoses. Exercise intolerance is common in cancer patients, in particular, in those undergoing adjuvant therapies (i.e., androgen deprivation therapy) that leads to reductions in quality of life. Recent evidence suggests prostate cancer, independent of treatment, hastens fatigue (i.e., reduces time to exhaustion) which is associated with atrophic effects on whole heart and left ventricular (LV) mass. However, moderate‐intensity endurance training mitigates cardiac mass loss in prostate tumor‐bearing rats. Using a pre‐clinical orthotopic model of prostate cancer, we tested the hypothesis that prostate cancer would reduce aerobic capacity, assessed as maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max ). We also investigated whether moderate‐intensity endurance training would mitigate any loss of aerobic capacity associated with prostate cancer. Methods Dunning R‐3327 MatLyLu prostate adenocarcinoma cells (2×10 5 ) in 0.1ml of physiological saline solution were injected in the ventral lobe of 4–5‐month‐old male RNU (NIH nude) rat (n=10). These animals were randomized into 2 groups, Tumor Bearing Exercise (TBEX, n=6) or Tumor Bearing Sedentary (TBS, n=4). After ~5 days of recovery, TBEX animals began progressive exercise training on a motorized treadmill at 25 m/min with a 5% incline for 10 minutes a day progressing to 60 min/day for a ~5 week period. Pre‐injection (Pre) and post‐exercise training (Post) animals performed V̇o 2max testing at least twice to verify attainment of maximal value (i.e validation test), with a minimum of 24 h of recovery between bouts to ensure reproducibility. Results There were no significant differences (all p>0.05) in tumor mass between groups (TBEX 6.4±1.1; TBS 7.6±1.2 g), body mass (TBEX 322±15; TBS 361±16 g), or Pre‐injection V̇o 2max (TBEX 82.2±2.1; TBS 78.5±2.5 ml·min −1 ·kg −1 ). Heart to body mass ratio was lower in TBS group compared to TBEX (2.9±0.1 vs. 3.3±0.1 mg/g, p<0.05). Following training, TBEX had increases in V̇o 2max (6.4±1.3 ml·min −1 ·kg −1 , p<0.05) whereas TBS had a decrease in aerobic capacity ( − 5.6±2. ml ·min −1 ·kg −1 , p<0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that prostate cancer, independent of treatment significantly diminishes maximal aerobic capacity. Further, moderate‐ intensity exercise training not only mitigates this cancer‐associated loss, but effectively improves aerobic capacity vs. values obtained prior to cancer development. Given prostate cancer patients often present fatigue and loss of quality of life, moderate‐ intensity exercise training may be useful to improve both facets via maintaining or improving aerobic capacity. Support or Funding Information NIH HL137156‐01A1ACS RSG‐14‐150‐01‐CCE