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Microbiome Signatures Associated with Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury vs. Psychological Stress
Author(s) -
Chakraborty Nabarun,
Gautam Aarti,
Demar James,
Hammamieh Rasha,
Long Joseph,
Jett Marti
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02401
Subject(s) - microbiome , traumatic brain injury , polyunsaturated fatty acid , medicine , physiology , gut microbiome , feces , biology , psychology , bioinformatics , psychiatry , fatty acid , biochemistry , ecology
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two signature illnesses of modern warfare. Discrimination between psychological stress and TBI using a knowledge‐driven unbiased panel of biomarker signatures will be essential for designing precise care management. Recent data suggest a role of alterations of the gut micobiome architecture susceptible to both brain injury and psychological disorders. The present study was conducted to identify factors discriminating between psychological stress and TBI in the fecal microbiome of rats and further to study the effect of diets enriched with varied polyunsaturated fat compositions. A closed‐head TBI model consisting of blast overpressure (BOP) wave exposure coupled with a weight drop concussion (Marmarou method) was used on a group of adult male rats (N=12 each exposed and sham). In parallel, an independent group of rats (N=12 each exposed and sham) was subjected to an underwater trauma (UWT) stressor model that consisted of 30s of swimming and habituation, followed by 30s of forced whole body immersion. Prior to the stress types (BOP or UWT), animals were maintained for six weeks and continued thereafter on two different diets (N=4 per diet group): Standard house chow and custom chow. Unlike the house chow, the custom diets contained no long chain ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to offset their high Linoleic acid content. The fecal bacterial populations were characterized by identification of 16S ribosomal RNA. Principal coordinate analysis showed clear separation between taxonomic phylogenetic profiles linked to the stress types from their corresponding shams. Within each stress type, the rodents fed on house chow showed different fecal microbial population from the customized diet. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were those phyla of interest that showed significant population variance caused by the stress and diet variants. We integrated this microbial profile with rodent blood and brain genomic profile assayed in parallel. The result suggested a significant contribution of gut‐microbiome in energy networks related to the stress response, and diet emerged as a strong candidate in regulating resilience. This outcome could lead in identifying novel customized treatment of TBI and psychological stress. Support or Funding Information The project was funded by DoD‐MOMRPThe differential impact of two neurological stress models on different component of gut‐brain axis