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Effects of Sub‐Chronic Inhalation of Crude Oil Vapor (COV) on Reactivity to Methacholine and Neural Regulation of Rat Airways in vitro
Author(s) -
Fedan Jeffrey S,
Russ Kristen A,
Thompson Janet A,
Jackson Mark C,
McKinney Walter G
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.812.13
Subject(s) - inhalation , methacholine , inhalation exposure , chemistry , lung , in vitro , respiratory system , respiratory epithelium , airway resistance , reactivity (psychology) , airway , in vivo , anesthesia , medicine , pathology , biochemistry , respiratory disease , biology , alternative medicine , microbiology and biotechnology
Inhalation of crude oil vapor (COV), a mixture of hydrocarbon vapors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), by oil and gas industry workers has led to a number of deaths. Workers are potentially exposed to COV during sampling, gauging and filling crude oil storage tanks. Inasmuch as the effects of COV inhalation on various functions of the lung is undescribed, we have been investigating the effects of COV inhalation in a rat model. Earlier, we found increases in transepithelial resistance 1 d post‐exposure to COV (300ppm total VOCs, 6 h/d×1 d; whole body chambers). Lung resistance was increased 90 dpost‐exposure, but no changes occurred in lung compliance, airway reactivity in vivo, or epithelial ion transport in vitro, 1, 28 and 90 d after this acute exposure. Here, rats were exposed to COV sub‐chronically (300 ppm total VOCs, 6 h/d×28 d), and airway reactivity tomethacholine (MCh) in vitro and neurogenic responses of airway smooth muscle in vitro were investigated 1, 28 and 90 d post‐exposure. Reactivity to MCh and the modulatory role of the airway epithelium was assessed by comparing contractile responses of the isolated, perfused trachea to extraluminally (EL)‐and intraluminally (IL)‐applied MCh. Reactivity to EL‐applied MCh was unaffected, but reactivity to IL‐applied MCh was decreased at 90 d post‐exposure, indicative of an enhanced inhibitory effect of the epithelium. To investigate the effect of sub‐chronic COV exposure on neural regulation of airway smooth muscle, tracheal strips were placed in an organchamber between two platinum ring electrodes to record isometric tension. Electric field stimulation (EFS) was delivered across the electrodes to stimulate frequency‐dependent contractile responses of the muscle. Exposure of rats to COV had no effect on EFS‐evoked contractions at any post‐exposure time point, indicating that neurons releasing acetylcholine in the airway wall were not a target of COV. The results indicate that the airway epithelium is affected by inhalation of COV, and that cholinergic motor nerves are not. Physiological systems in the lung have different, exposure time‐ and post‐exposure time‐dependent susceptibilities to inhaled COV's effects. Support or Funding Information NIOSH 7939ZYAC This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .