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Influence of Fitness on Vascular Function in Young Adults during Acute Inflammation
Author(s) -
Schroeder Elizabeth C,
Hilgenkamp Thessa I.M.,
Lefferts Wesley K,
Baynard Tracy,
Fernhall Bo
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.523.1
Subject(s) - medicine , reactive hyperemia , cardiology , cardiorespiratory fitness , brachial artery , plethysmograph , forearm , vascular resistance , c reactive protein , inflammation , vasodilation , blood pressure , surgery
Acute inflammation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and impairs vascular function. Vascular function in this setting is most often interrogated by assessing endothelial function in conduit arteries, however, less is known regarding the downstream vascular tree including resistance artery and microvasculature function. Vascular dysfunction during acute inflammation may be attenuated by high cardiorespiratory fitness due to its association with improved vascular function and cardiovascular health. PURPOSE Determine the effect of acute inflammation and fitness on conduit artery, resistance artery, and microvascular function. METHODS Vascular function was assessed in 11 low fit (6 male, 24 ± 5 yrs, 22.8 ± 4.3 kg/m 2 , 34.5 ± 2.9 ml/kg/min) and 12 high fit (5 male, 27 ± 4 yrs, 22.6 ± 1.9 kg/m 2 , 56.4 ± 9.7 ml/kg/min) participants at baseline and 24h after a typhoid vaccination. Fitness was determined using a maximal treadmill test and those with a VO 2 peak >75 th age‐ and sex‐specific percentile according to the American College of Sports Medicine were considered high fit. Vascular assessments included flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery via ultrasonography, forearm reactive hyperemia (RH) via venous occlusion plethysmography, and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a 5‐min arterial occlusion. Blood pressure was measured using an oscillometric cuff and C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were assessed via standard ELISA techniques. RESULTS Acute inflammation was induced, as evident by increases in IL‐6 and CRP (p<0.01, see Table). Mean arterial pressure did not change in either group (low fit: 92 ± 9 to 91 ± 8; high fit: 92 ± 10 to 91 ± 7). FMD was lower in the high fit group, yet both groups reduced FMD at 24h, even after controlling for shear rate (p<0.05). No effect of acute inflammation was observed for forearm RH or NIRS (p>0.05). High fit individuals, however, had greater microvascular reactivity with a quicker ability to accommodate increased blood flow (time to peak, group effect, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Fitness did not alter the vascular response to acute inflammation, regardless of the level along the vascular tree. Both groups showed reductions in conduit artery endothelial function and no change in resistance artery or microcirculatory function, suggesting acute inflammation has non‐uniform effects on vascular function. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not influence the arterial response to inflammation, at least in this young, healthy population. Future studies need to evaluate the effects of acute inflammation in older individuals including those who are healthy and those with chronic health conditions. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .