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Urine Odor Profiling for Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis
Author(s) -
Park Rebekah Julie,
Shahid Muhammad,
Yeon Austin,
Kim Jayoung
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.658.6
Subject(s) - interstitial cystitis , urine , urinary system , odor , medicine , urination , inflammation , lipocalin , menthol , metabolite , pharmacology , chemistry , organic chemistry
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a clinical condition that manifests as a sensory hypersensitivity of unknown cause and is characterized by frequent urination, bladder discomfort, and pelvic pain. Chronic inflammation is a potential systemic risk factor for IC. However, it remains unknown the underlying mechanism through which a healthy bladder protects itself from inflammatory triggers. In this study, we profiled urinary odor, which consists of various volatile organic chemical compounds in urine obtained from IC patients and healthy controls. Using comprehensive solid phase micro extraction‐gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry profiling combined with comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, levels of urinary volatile metabolites in healthy individuals were compared to those in IC patients. Among the several metabolites whose levels were significantly altered, menthol showed significantly reduced levels in IC. In an attempt to understand the mechanistic meaning of IC‐associated volatile metabolite, menthol, we performed cytokine profiling and DNA microarray. Our findings suggest that inflammatory events and the activation of signaling networks were suppressed by menthol treatment. Further validation with biochemical experiments and Western blot analysis confirmed that menthol reduced the expression of cytokines and signaling factors that are closely associated with inflammation. These findings will provide potentially new strategies to alleviating both the odor and inflammation associated with IC. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants (1U01DK103260, 1R01DK100974, U24 DK097154, NIH NCATS UCLA CTSI UL1TR000124), Department of Defense grants (W81XWH‐15‐1‐0415), Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (1U01DP006079), IMAGINE NO IC Research Grant, the Steven Spielberg Discovery Fund in Prostate Cancer Research Career Development Award, and the U.S. ‐ Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint Fund, funded by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and USAID (all to J.K.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of the previously mentioned sponsors. J.K. is former recipient of Interstitial Cystitis Association Pilot Grant, a Fishbein Family IC Research Grant, New York Academy of Medicine, and Boston Children's Hospital Faculty Development. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .