Organismal Sex is a Major Determinant of Phenotypic and Molecular Changes Caused by Genetic Inactivation of the Mitochondria‐specific Deacetylase SIRT3

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)—a deacetylase localized to the mitochondria—deacetylates a number of mitochondria‐specific proteins, including the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme MnSOD. We previously reported that genetic inactivation of SIRT3 impairs endothelial function and increases pro‐osteogenic markers in early stages of atherosclerosis. While recent data suggest that the molecular and phenotypic effects of SIRT enzyme inactivation can act in a highly sex‐dependent manner, we have not systematically studied sex differences in our unique mouse strains. Here, we report our first effort to explore the presence of molecular and phenotypic sex differences following inactivation of SIRT3 in hypercholesterolemic mice. We used female and male Ldlr −/− /ApoB 100/100 mice that were either wild‐type (LA‐SIRT3 +/+ ) or null for SIRT3 (LA‐SIRT3 −/− ). Following 3 months of western diet feeding, we assessed endothelial function of aorta using isolated organ bath chambers and measured changes in gene expression using qRT‐PCR. We did not observe sex differences at baseline in hypercholesterolemic mice, as endothelium‐dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACH) was similar between female LA‐SIRT3 +/+ and their male LA‐SIRT3 +/+ littermates (61.1%±2.2, 57.9%±2.7; respectively). Interestingly, genetic inactivation of SIRT3 did not impair responses to ACH in female LA‐SIRT3 −/− mice (61.1%±4.2), whereas responses to ACH were modestly impaired in male LA‐SIRT3 −/− mice (53.9%±1.9). Consistent with SIRT3's role as a post‐translational protein modifier, expression of MnSOD was unchanged across all sexes and genotypes. Expression of genes related to pathophysiological changes in atherosclerotic plaques did change in a highly sex‐dependent manner, however, as osterix gene expression levels (related to plaque calcification) were markedly increased in male LA‐SIRT3 −/− compared to their sex‐matched wild‐type littermates and to their female counterparts. Surprisingly, while female LA‐SIRT3 −/− mice showed dramatic increases in expression of interleukin 6 (related to inflammation) compared to their wild‐type littermates, male LA‐SIRT3 −/− had robust reductions in expression in interleukin 6 compared to their LA‐SIRT3 +/+ littermates. Collectively, these data suggest there are significant, sex‐dependent molecular and phenotypic effects of SIRT3 inactivation in hypercholesterolemic mice, which may also drive a paradoxical dissociation between pro‐osteogenic and pro‐inflammatory signaling under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction. Support or Funding Information NHLBI R01‐HL111121 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .