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Changes in clinical safety markers after one week of hypo‐energetic dieting with different macronutrients
Author(s) -
Campbell B,
Moulton C,
Kerksick C,
Roberts M,
Rasmussen C,
Kreider R
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.lb81
Subject(s) - dieting , medicine , morning , endocrinology , creatinine , uric acid , carbohydrate , obesity , weight loss
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute changes in clinical safety markers after one week of hypo‐energetic dieting with varying levels of macronutrient distribution. Forty‐four sedentary, obese women (41.5±11 yrs, 165±7 cm, 99±19 kg, 46±4.4 %, 36.4±6 kg/m 2 ) consumed either a normal calorie control diet (CON; n=14), a higher carbohydrate (% CHO: PRO: FAT= 46: 24: 30; n=14) or higher protein (% CHO: PRO: FAT= 24: 46: 30; n=16) hypo‐energetic diet (1,000 kcal/d) for a 7‐day period. Subjects were given prescribed diets developed by a registered dietician in order to provide the desired macronutrient and caloric intakes. Participants reported each morning in a fasted state after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days of dieting and provided a blood sample for determination of clinical safety markers. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. No significant changes (p>0.05) were noted for LDH, total protein and creatinine. Significant (p<0.05) increases over time were seen in all groups for creatine kinase while significant decreases were found for GGT. Hypo‐energetic dieting appears to result in significantly (p<0.05) greater levels of ALT and AST. Subjects following the HPRO diet experienced an increase of uric acid, BUN and BUN: creatinine levels which peaked after 5 days of dieting with no further increase leading to significantly greater levels of these variables in comparison to the other groups. One week of hypo‐energetic dieting with higher proportions of carbohydrate or protein is responsible for acute changes in various markers of clinical safety, however, all measures were within clinically accepted normal values.