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The Effects of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke on Sperm Production: Role Retinoic Acid
Author(s) -
Rice LaShanta J,
Mukherjee Shyamali,
Schäffer Michael W,
Roy Somdutta Sinha,
Das Salil K
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a973-c
Subject(s) - sperm , sperm motility , retinoid , andrology , retinoic acid , motility , spermatogenesis , sidestream smoke , chemistry , medicine , endocrinology , cigarette smoke , biology , toxicology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , gene
Vitamin A is an important signaling molecule for testicular cell growth and differentiation. Our preliminary studies have indicated that cigarette smoke (CS) causes a disturbance in retinoid metabolism and signaling in lung. However, nothing is known on the effects of smoking on retinoids in testis. In this study, we determined the effects of mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke not only on sperm quantity and motility, but also on the levels of retinoids in the testis of guinea pigs in the presence or absence of retinoic acid (RA) exposure. Male guinea pigs (4 wk‐old) were exposed to MS, SS or sham (SH) smoke twice daily from 3 cigarettes for 6 weeks. Once a day before CS exposure, half of the animals received RA via direct inhalation, while others were kept as room controls (RC). After 6 weeks of smoke exposure, testes were extracted and analyzed by HPLC to determine the levels of retinoids. CS altered sperm motility (MS