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Characterization of the effects of Butanol fraction from Echinacea purpurea on human dendritic cells using genomic and proteomic studies
Author(s) -
Yang NingSun,
Wang ChienYu,
Staniforth Vani,
Chiao MingTsang,
Yen PoJen,
Chiu ShaoChih,
Yeh KuoChen,
Shyur LieFen
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a940-b
Subject(s) - immune system , echinacea (animal) , proteomics , biology , gene , innate immune system , traditional medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , immunology , medicine , ecology
Echinacea spp. is widely and extensively used as a candidate medicinal herb or food supplement, claimed for stimulating immune function, in American and European countries. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen‐presentating cells (APC) and play an important role in innate as well as adaptive immunities. In this study, we analyzed the immune‐associated cell surface proteins (CD markers) and the differential genomic or proteomic expression patterns of dendritic cells treated with or without Echinacea butanol fraction of shoot plus leaf tissues (EBF/S plus L). Experimental results of Affymetrix DNA microarray chip analyses showed that specific cytokine genes (eg., IL‐8, IL‐1 beta, IL‐18), chemokine genes (including CXCL 2, CCL 5, CCL 2 etc.,) and an anti‐oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene were up‐regulated within 4 h post treatment with the EBF/S plus L. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to evaluate these responsive genes for possible involvement in immune or cellular‐signaling mechanisms. In parallel, proteomics studies showed that expression levels of approximately 15 proteins were affected in DC within 12h or 24 h post treatment with EBF/S plus L. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry analyses were then used to identify specific protein sequences of the differentially expressed proteins. We obserbed that the SOD protein expresstion was up‐regulated 12 hr post EBF/S plus L treatment. In addition specific phytocompounds purified from Echinacea purpurea medicinal herb, were systematically tested by using bioactivity‐guided assays for possible application as candidate therapeutics or health care supplements.