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Mechanism of Garlic Protection Against Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH) in Pulmonary Hypertensive (PH) Rats: Comparisons among Fresh, Boiled and Aged Garlics
Author(s) -
Sun Xiaowei,
Ku David D.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1147
Subject(s) - allicin , right ventricular hypertrophy , garlic powder , medicine , pulmonary hypertension , chemistry , muscle hypertrophy , cardiology , endocrinology , food science , raw material , organic chemistry
We recently found that coronary endothelial (EC) dysfunction associated and preceded the development of MCT‐induced PH and RVH. Preliminary data showed a protective effect of garlic against this EC dysfunction and RVH. To investigate the possible mechanism for garlic effect, we pretreated the rats with either 1% fresh garlic powder (GQ), boiled GQ (BGQ) or aged garlic (Kyolic‐KYO) prior to MCT injection. Mass spectrometric (LC/MS with ESI) analyses of GQ extracts showed a distinct allicin (163 M+H + ) peak. Only allicin precursor, alliin, was found after heart inactivation of allicin synthesis in BGQ (Figure 1). KYO does not contain allicin either. Significant PH (34±4 mmHg) and RVH (40±2% of septum+LV weight) were found 3 weeks after MCT injection (vs. 19±2 mmHg and 25±1% of S+LV in controls, respectively). GQ treatment prevented PH (20±2 mmHg) and RVH (27±1% of S+LV), but BGQ (30±2 mmHg and 46±3% of S+LV) and KYO (28±2 mmHg and 47±5% of S+LV) treatments did not. In isolated right coronary arteries (RCA) acetylcholine (Ach) ‐induced NO dilation showed a marked decrease in MCT rats (Figure 2), which was prevented in the GQ, but not the BGQ and KYO rats. L‐NAME induced constriction, an estimate of the spontaneous EC NO mediated dilation, was decreased in the MCT rats (−18±3% vs. −27±3% in controls), preserved in the GQ (−29±4%) but not the BGQ (−14±2%) and KYO (−20±5%) rats. A marked increase to U46619 ‐induced constriction was also found in all RCA of MCT, BGQ, and KYO rats, but not the GQ. Taken together, these findings show that active ingredient allicin in garlic provides a protective effect against the development of RVH in rats, and that preservation of coronary EC function may represent an important underlying mechanism of the observed effect. 1LC/MS Analyses of GQ and Boiled GQ2GQ prevents decreased Ach dilation in MCT rats