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Lutein Sensitive Genes in Lung: Modulation by Cigarette Smoke (CS)
Author(s) -
Aung Hnin H,
Vasu Vihas T,
Lim Yunsook,
Valacchi Giuseppe,
ObermuellerJevic Ute C,
Packer Lester,
Gohil Kishorchandra,
Cross Carroll E
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a611-a
Subject(s) - lutein , cigarette smoke , smoke , lung , gene , chemistry , food science , medicine , carotenoid , biochemistry , environmental health , organic chemistry
BACKGROUND CS is known to affect antioxidant micronutrients including carotenoids. Previous studies were carried out to determine the effect of carotenoids (beta‐carotene, lycopene) upon CS exposure. Lutein (LU) is among the most abundant carotenoids present in fruits and vegetables. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to investigate lung genomic responses to dietary LU supplementation with and without CS exposure. METHODS C57BL6 male mice were fed for 4 wks with control diet or LU supplemented diet (500 mg/kg diet) and subsequently exposed to filtered air or CS (3 days). After sacrifice RNA was extracted from lung and processed (Affymetrix 430A 2.0 arrays). RESULTS After supplementation LU concentrations significantly increased in plasma (16 ± 8 nM) and in lung (79 ± 32 nM/kg). Total numbers of genes affected > 2 fold (of 15,000 gene detected) by CS, supplemented LU and LU+CS were 101, 8 and 169, respectively. CS strongly induced gene expression of Phase I/II enzymes and heat shock proteins. This induction was reduced by LU. LU also modulated the effects of CS on genes related to inflammatory‐immune responses, lipid metabolism, ion metabolism, transcription factors, signal transduction, cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair. CONCLUSION These findings identify the putative molecular pathways targeted by dietary LU in CS induced lung gene expression.