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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory genes in macrophages
Author(s) -
Park YoungKi,
Rasmussen Heather E.,
Weber John S.,
Lee JiYoung
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a604-c
Subject(s) - polyunsaturated fatty acid , lipopolysaccharide , sunflower oil , chemistry , fatty acid , oleic acid , inflammation , gene expression , biochemistry , food science , biology , gene , endocrinology , immunology
We investigated the role of fatty acids in the expression of inflammatory genes in macrophages. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol, wt/wt) enriched in 16:0 (Palm oil), 18:0 (Sheanut oil), 18:1 (Sunflower oil, high oleic acid), 18:2 (Safflower oil) and EPA/DHA (Menhaden oil). Peritoneal macrophages were elicited after a 4 week‐diet period and cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) for 18 hrs to induce inflammatory response. Realtime PCR analysis was performed to measure expression levels of pro‐inflammatory genes, including TNFα, MCP‐1, COX‐2, IL‐1β, iNOS and IL‐6. Compared with peritoneal macrophages from 16:0‐enriched diet, mRNA levels of most pro‐inflammatory genes were reduced by 50% in macrophages from mice fed unsaturated fatty acid diets and the reduction was more prominent in the safflower oil‐fed group. Anti‐inflammatory effects of unsaturated fatty acids were confirmed by the study using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells were cultured with 100 μM of fatty acids (14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:4, EPA and DHA) for 6 hrs and additionally incubated in the absence or presence of LPS for 18 hrs. Realtime PCR analysis revealed that in accordance with data from elicited peritoneal macrophages, unsaturated fatty acids down‐regulated the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes whereas 14:0 increased their expression compared with control treatment. The results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids have an inhibitory role in inflammation by repressing pro‐inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. (Supported by NSF‐EPSCoR grant EPS‐0346476)