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Effects of dietary intake and weight loss on bone mineral content and density during lactation
Author(s) -
Bopp Melanie,
Kennedy Heather,
Downing Heather,
Wideman Laurie,
Lovelady Cheryl
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a6
Subject(s) - bone mineral , medicine , dual energy x ray absorptiometry , zoology , bone mineral content , lactation , bone density , endocrinology , osteoporosis , pregnancy , biology , genetics
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary intake [energy (kcal), calcium (Ca) and protein (Pro)], and weight loss on bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), and bone mineral density (BMD) losses in exclusively breastfeeding women from 3 to 20 (± 1) wks postpartum. Twenty‐four women have enrolled in this study; eleven have completed baseline (3 wk) and endpoint (20 wk) measurements. Two 24‐hour recalls were analyzed at each time point using the Nutrient Database System for Research. No supplemental Ca was taken by any participant. Changes in BMC, BA, and BMD were determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Participants (n=11) were 31.1 ± 2.2 years of age and weighed 72.3 ± 11.6 kg (BMI 26.4 ± 3.2) at baseline. There was a decrease in total body BMC (−1.0 ± 2.0 %) and BMD (−0.5 ± 1.2 %) during the study. Ca intake at endpoint (833 ± 489 mg) was correlated with changes in total body BMC (R 2 = 0.33; p=0.06) and BMD (R 2 = 0.60; p<0.01). The endpoint Ca:Pro ratio (10.8 ± 4.4 mg/g) was also correlated with BMD (R 2 = 0.67; p<0.01), but not with BMC. Total body BA (−0.5 ± 1.0 %) changes; lumbar spine BMC (−5.3 ± 3.0 %), BA (0.5 ± 2.4 %), and BMD (−5.8 ± 1.9 %) changes; and hip BMC (−1.0 ± 7.4 %), BA (1.0 ± 5.1 %), and BMD (−2.0 ± 3.2 %) changes were not correlated with dietary intake. Weight loss (−4.9 ± 3.9 %, −3.3 ± 2.5 kg), caloric reduction (−396 ± 500 kcal) and endpoint Pro intake (75 ± 23 g) had no significant effect on BMC, BA or BMD. These results suggest that increased dietary Ca intake and a higher Ca:Pro ratio slow the loss of total body BMC and BMD in breastfeeding women This research was supported by the NC Agricultural Research Service