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The Impact of a Low‐Carbohydrate, High Protein Intervention on Nutrient Intakes in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Author(s) -
Mitchell Diane C,
Miller Carla K,
SmiciklasWright Helen,
Gutschall Melissa D
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a583-a
Subject(s) - medicine , carbohydrate , weight loss , obesity , nutrient , sugar , endocrinology , metabolic syndrome , zoology , food science , chemistry , biology , organic chemistry
Despite the popularity of low carbohydrate (CHO) approaches to weight loss, little is known about the nutrient or food patterns resulting from intensive low CHO and high protein diets. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of the South Beach Diet (SBD) in adult men and women (mean age=47; BMI =35) with metabolic syndrome. Participants (n=21; 83.3% female) were counseled by a dietitian at baseline for phase 1 (10% CHO, 28% protein, 62% fat) and again at 2 wks for phase 2 (27% CHO, 30% protein, 43% Fat) of the SBD. They also provided 3–24 hour diet recalls by telephone at baseline, 2 wks and at 3 mos. Overall, there was a mean weight loss of 5.0 ±3.4 kg (p<0.05) with a significant decline in energy intake (− 710 kcal) at 3 mos. There was a significant decrease in CHO intake from baseline (47.5% of kcal) to 2 wks (26%) with an increase at 3 mos to 35%. As expected, there was a simultaneous increase in protein (16.5% of kcal to 29.1%) and fat (35.9% of kcal to 45.4%) during phase1 and then a decline at 3 mos to 22.3% protein and 35.4% fat. We also observed a dramatic decrease in added sugar intake from 34.7% of kcal at baseline to 15.2% at 2 wks and 16.4% at 3 mos and a significant increase in cholesterol intake (mg/1000 kcal) from 133.6 at baseline to 383.9 at 2 wks and a slight decline at 3 mos to 232.3. These data suggest that despite a beneficial amount of weight loss, the macronutrient goals of the SBD were not achievable by this population. Further investigation of specific food choices may be useful in guiding practitioners toward a more successful translation of the SBD and other similar weight loss approaches.