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Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of whole food extracts
Author(s) -
Ritz Barry W.,
Salmon Elaine A.,
Battisto Jessica M.,
Gardner Elizabeth M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a429-b
Subject(s) - antioxidant , trolox , oxidative stress , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , chemistry , tbars , reactive oxygen species , immune system , cell growth , sodium ascorbate , pharmacology , biochemistry , jurkat cells , t cell , immunology , lipid peroxidation , biology , in vitro , ascorbic acid , food science , antioxidant capacity
Evidence suggests that cell‐mediated immunity is intimately tied to cellular redox status. While oxidative stress leads to cellular dysfunction and death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be required as signaling factors in T cell activation and proliferation. Antioxidant vitamins C (as sodium ascorbate) and E (as the synthetic analog Trolox) were evaluated along with whole food extracts for their antioxidant activities and concentration‐dependent effects on lymphocyte proliferation using both the Jurkat T cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donors. Anti‐ and pro‐oxidant effects were identified by reaction with TBARS and F‐C reagents, as well as the accumulation of intracellular ROS indicated by the flow cytometric evaluation of the fluorescent product of DCF‐DA oxidation. Total phenolics were as follows: white tea> C> pomegranate> blueberry> E>> broccoli> wasabi. Higher antioxidant potency was associated with decreased proliferation, supporting the notion that some oxidation is required for proliferation. Conversely, lower concentrations of each antioxidant produced modest increases in proliferation. For example, low‐dose C (20μg/mL) and E (50μg/mL) increased mitogen‐stimulated PBMC proliferation by 31% (n=6). There appears to be a high and low concentration of each antioxidant that inhibits and stimulates T cell function, respectively. Further investigation could distinguish between preventive (immune boosting) and pharmacologic (immune inhibiting) doses for the clinical applications of antioxidant therapy.