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Body weight and composition changes after consumption of two different very low carbohydrate diets versus a lower fat diet
Author(s) -
Kloss Rebecca,
Bradley Patricia,
Petrisko Yumi,
Bilodeau Aimee,
Fisher Michael,
Spindler Audrey,
Kern Mark
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a427-b
Subject(s) - bioelectrical impedance analysis , carbohydrate , weight loss , composition (language) , zoology , lean body mass , body weight , food science , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , obesity , biology , body mass index , linguistics , philosophy
Research supports the use of low carbohydrate (CHO) diets for weight and fat loss, but few researchers have actually provided food to participants and fewer have evaluated the role of the type of food consumed in these fat‐rich diets. This study compared effects of two very low carbohydrate (VLC) diets (CHO=10%, fat=60%, protein=30% of kcals) versus a traditional (TRAD) diet richer in CHO (61%) and lower in fat (21%) and protein (18%) on body weight and composition. One VLC diet was plant and mushroom (170 g/d) based (VLCPM). The other included more animal foods as fat and protein sources (VLCA). Eighteen subjects (BMI: 30–38) consumed each diet in a randomized cross‐over design for 4 weeks separated by 4‐week washout periods. Diets provided 1600 and 2200 kcal/d for women (n=14) and men (n=4), respectively. Body composition was measured using hydrostatic weighing along with bioelectrical impedance to determine body water content. All diets produced significant (p<0.001) weight loss. Fat mass decreased during the VLCPM (p<0.001) and TRAD (p=0.045) trials, but % body fat lost was only significant (p= 0.041) during the VLCPM trial. The VLCPM diet resulted in trends toward lower % body water than VLCA (p=0.097) and TRAD (p=0.071). Lean mass was decreased in all groups (p<0.010) and was lower in VLCPM than TRAD (p=0.008) after week 4. While calorie restriction decreased body weight in all diets, the VLCPM diet produced the most beneficial changes in body fatness but also resulted in the greatest decreases in lean mass and % body water. Supported by a grant from the Mushroom Council.