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The Impact of Age on the Levator Veli Palatini in Congenitally‐Clefted Goat Palates
Author(s) -
Yu Deborah,
Weinzweig Jeffrey,
Panter Kip E.,
Buchman Steven R.,
Kuzon William M.,
Faulkner John A.,
Hanes Michael C.,
Larkin Lisa M.,
Cederna Paul S.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a28-b
Subject(s) - muscle fibre , fiber type , fiber , anatomy , zoology , myosin , myosin atpase , biology , chemistry , medicine , atpase , skeletal muscle , biochemistry , organic chemistry , enzyme
We hypothesize that there are inherent differences in the levator veli palatini (LVP) of non‐clefted (NP) and clefted palates (CP) that become more pronounced with age that could impact the timing and outcome of cleft palate repair. The LVP from 15 goats were studied: 1) 2‐month‐old (MO) goats with NP (N=5); 2) 2 MO goats with CP (N=4); 3) 14 MO goats with NP (N=3); and 4) 14 MO goats with CP (N=3). H&E and myosin ATPase stains were used to measure fiber cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) and for fiber typing. 2 MO is an age analogous to when human cleft palate repairs are performed. In the 2 MO group, there were no differences in muscle fiber CSAs or composition between NP and CP goats. CSAs of the 14 MO CP muscle fibers (1974 +/− 939 μm 2 ) were larger (p<0.05) than the areas of the 14 MO NP muscle fibers (1651 +/− 680 μm 2 ). The CSAs between the two age groups were different with larger CSA in the 14 MO goats (p<0.05). The fiber types in the CP muscle were not different between the ages studied. However, there were differences in muscle fiber types between 14 MO CP and NP LVP muscles; CP muscles contained both Type 1 (29.3 +/− 10.6%) and Type 2 (70.7 +/− 10.6%) muscle fibers while the NP muscles contained exclusively Type 1 muscle fibers (100%). Our study demonstrates that the CP muscle fibers increase in CSA and fast fiber type with age; indicating a maladaptive response in comparison with NP musculature. T32 GM008616‐06A1; P30 AG13283.