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Development of a glycemic index database for a food frequency questionnaire used in epidemiologic studies
Author(s) -
Shikany James,
Tinker Lesley,
Thomson Cynthia,
Caan Bette,
Van Horn Linda,
Snetselaar Linda,
Parker Linda,
RobinsonO’Brien Ramona,
Beresford Shirley,
Neuhouser Marian
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a180-c
Subject(s) - glycemic index , glycemic load , food frequency questionnaire , medicine , food group , dietary fiber , glycaemic index , environmental health , food science , obesity , diabetes mellitus , glycemic , endocrinology , biology
High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are hypothesized to contribute to insulin resistance, which is associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Dietary assessment of GI/GL is problematic because values are not included in most standard food composition databases. Our objective was to develop a database of GI/GL values that could be integrated into an existing dietary database used for the analysis of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in the Women’s Health Initiative. Of the 122 FFQ line items (disaggregated into 350 foods), 83% had sufficient carbohydrate (≥5 g/serving) for receipt of a GI/GL value. Food GI values were obtained from published human experimental studies or imputed from foods with similar carbohydrate and fiber content. The foods on the FFQ food list with the highest GL were fried breads, potatoes, pastries, pasta, and soft drinks. Fiber content of foods had little influence on calculated GI or GL estimates. The augmentation of this FFQ database with GI/GL values will facilitate etiologic investigations of GI/GL with numerous disease outcomes. (Supported by NIH grant 1 R01 HL 73114‐01)