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Flavonoid intake of US adults estimated by the expanded USDA flavonoid databases
Author(s) -
Chun Ock Kyoung,
Chung Sangjin,
Obayashi Saori,
Song Won O.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a154-b
Subject(s) - flavonoid , anthocyanidins , flavonols , food science , population , medicine , environmental health , biology , biochemistry , antioxidant
Accurate estimation of dietary flavonoid intake is a prerequisite to identifying protective effects of flavonoid intake against chronic diseases and to establishing dietary references for optimal intakes. Recently released USDA flavonoid databases (FLDB), in spite of low coverage of daily consumed foods, shed a light to estimating flavonoid intakes of US population when combined by US food consumption data. To overcome the limitations and to estimate representative flavonoid intakes of US population, we aimed to expand FLDB, to document the coverage of foods consumed by those in the modified FLDB, and to evaluate the utility of estimated flavonoid intakes in reflecting the daily food consumption of US adults. FLDB was expanded by adding food codes of the same food which had similar processing or preparation. Individual and total flavonoid intakes were estimated by utilizing FLDB and 24‐hr dietary recalls of the NHANES 1999–2002. 4,391 food items reported in 8,809 24‐hr dietary recalls were converted to 2,131 USDA SR food codes by USDA recipe book file after adjusting for fat and moisture content, and matched with expanded FLDB. The expanded FLDB matched fruits and fruit juices (87%), vegetables (86%), legumes (75%), and beverages (53%), and thus 45% of all foods consumed. Food group frequency data significantly correlated with specific flavonoids: fruits and fruit juices for flavanones; vegetables for flavonols and flavan‐3‐ols; wines for anthocyanidins and flavonols (p < 0.05). We conclude that expanded FIDB covered the majority of commonly‐consumed, flavonoid‐rich food items and reflected the consumption of foods rich in specific flavonoids.