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Anemia, Disease Progression and Nutritional Status in HIV+ Drug Users in Miami
Author(s) -
Sales Sabrina,
Baum Marianna K,
Carroll Linda Ann,
Duan Rui,
Lai Shenghan,
Campa Adriana
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a144-b
Subject(s) - anemia , medicine , hematocrit , viral load , anemia of chronic disease , macrocytic anemia , gastroenterology , hemoglobin , immunology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , iron deficiency anemia
Objective This study investigates the association of anemia with immunological and nutritional variables in HIV+ drug users in Miami. Methods After obtaining consent, anthropometrics, demographic, medical, nutritional, and treatment questionnaires were completed in HIV+ drug users. Blood was drawn for CD4 cell count, viral load, nutritional parameters and CBC. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <12g/dL in women,<14g/dL in men, and hematocrit<37% in women and <42% in men. Results Of 207 participants, 97 (47%) had anemia, 79% were black, and 73% were men. Average age was 42 years. Of those with anemia, 63% had normocytic/normochromic anemia, 23% macrocytic/normochromic anemia and 14% microcytic/hypochromic anemia. Those with anemia, compared to those without anemia, had significantly lower BMI (24.1± 4.3 vs. 25.7±5.2 kg/mm3, p=0.018), body fat (18.7%±8.6 vs. 21.9%±9.4, p=0.014), albumin (3.75±0.52 vs. 4.0±0.55 g/dL, p=0.002), plasma zinc(0.61±0.14 vs. 0.69¡À0.14 mg/L, p<0.001), CD4 cell count (275±248 vs. 435±275 cells μL, p<0.001) and higher median viral load (21885[399, 750001] vs. 7196[399,750001] copies/mL), p=0.005). In a multivariate logistic regression model, advanced disease (CD4<200 cells μL) was highly significant (p<0.001), after adjusting for age, BMI, albumin, HAART and viral load. Anemia in our cohort was more prevalent in men than in women, 53.3% vs. 29.8%, (OR=2.6; CI% 1.3, 5.5; p=0.005). Conclusions Anemia in our cohort was strongly related to advanced HIV disease and poor nutritional status. Different from other HIV‐infected cohorts, male gender was highly associated with anemia. Further studies are needed to gain insight into the nature of these findings. Funded by NIDA