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Rapid Gas Chromatographic Technique for Quantifying 2‐Acetyl‐1‐Pyrroline and Hexanal in Rice ( Oryza sativa , L.)
Author(s) -
Bergman C. J.,
Delgado J. T.,
Bryant R.,
Grimm C.,
Cadwallader K. R.,
Webb B. D.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
cereal chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.558
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1943-3638
pISSN - 0009-0352
DOI - 10.1094/cchem.2000.77.4.454
Subject(s) - hexanal , chemistry , aromatic rice , chromatography , extraction (chemistry) , oryza sativa , methylene , aroma , flavor , solvent , food science , organic chemistry , biochemistry , gene
The aroma of rice plays a role in its consumer acceptability. The popcorn‐like smell of aromatic rice stemming primarily from its 2‐ acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) content is considered desirable by many consumers. Conversely, hexanal has been correlated with off odors in rice that develop from lipid oxidation. A rapid method for 2‐AP and hexanal quantification suitable for use in breeding programs, large‐scale research efforts, and quality assurance programs is needed. While developing such a method, sample preparation (degree of milling, particle size), solvent extraction time and temperature, and gas chromatographic parameters were studied. Particle size had no influence on 2‐AP or hexanal recovered. One extraction solubilized ≈80% of the 2‐AP and 56% of the hexanal present in milled rice. The optimum extraction method was assessed to require 0.3 g of ground brown or milled rice in methylene chloride held at 85°C for 2.5 hr. The complete gas chromatographic run requires ≈25 min, and 50 samples can be analyzed per day. The optimized method's linear response ( R 2 = 0.99) and reproducibility was demonstrated. The stability of 2‐AP and hexanal in frozen milled rice and in refrigerated methylene chloride extracts was excellent for at least six months. Milled and unmilled commercial and breeders' aromatic rice samples contained 10–1,104 ng/g of 2‐AP and 148–2,541 ng/g of hexanal. Genotype had the greatest effect on the 2‐AP and hexanal content of two lines grown over four years and in four states.