Open AccessEvidence for a Causal Relationship Between Academic Achievement and Cigarette Smoking
Author(s) -
Kenneth S. Kendler,
Henrik Ohlsson,
Abigail A. Fagan,
Paul Lichtenstein,
Jan Sundquist,
Kristina Sundquist
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
nicotine and tobacco research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.338
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1469-994X
pISSN - 1462-2203
DOI - 10.1093/ntr/ntaa161
Subject(s) - medicine , confounding , confidence interval , odds ratio , demography , pregnancy , relative risk , population , environmental health , genetics , sociology , biology
Academic achievement (AA) is associated with smoking rates. Can we determine the degree to which this relationship is likely a causal one?