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Globally, the majority of Ni hyperaccumulator plants occur on ultramafic soils in tropical regions, and the genus  Phyllanthus , from the Phyllanthaceae family, is globally the most represented taxonomical group. Two species from Sabah (Malaysia) are remarkable because  Phyllanthus balgooyi  can attain &gt;16 wt% of Ni in its phloem exudate, while  Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi  reaches foliar concentrations of up to 3.5 wt% Ni, which are amongst the most extreme concentrations of Ni in any plant tissue. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, nuclear microbe (micro-PIXE+BS) and (cryo) scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to spatially resolve the elemental distribution in the plant organs of  P. balgooyi  and  P. rufuschaneyi . The results show that  P. balgooyi  has extraordinary enrichment of Ni in the (secondary) veins of the leaves, whereas in contrast, in  P. rufuschaneyi  Ni occurs in interveinal areas. In the roots and stems, Ni is localized mainly in the cortex and phloem but is much lower in the xylem. The findings of this study show that, even within the same genus, the distribution of nickel and other elements, and inferred processes involved with metal hyperaccumulation, can differ substantially between species.

Contrasting patterns of nickel distribution in the hyperaccumulators Phyllanthus balgooyi and Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi from Malaysian Borneo