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The E2F family of transcription factors plays an important role in the control of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and differentiation, and their role in ovarian function is just emerging. Although some evidence suggests a possible role of E2F1 in ovarian follicular development, what regulates its production in ovarian cells is unknown. Objectives of this study were to determine whether: (i) E2F1 gene expression in granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs) change with follicular development and (ii) E2F1 mRNA abundance in TC and GC is hormonally regulated. Using real-time PCR, E2F1 mRNA abundance in GC was 5.5-fold greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in small (SM; 1 to 5 mm) than large (LG; &amp;gt;8 mm) follicles, but in TC, E2F1 expression did not differ among follicle sizes. SM-follicle GC had 2.1-fold greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) E2F1 mRNA than TC. In SM-follicle GC, FGF9 induced a 7.6-fold increase in E2F1 mRNA abundance; however, FGF9 did not affect (P &amp;gt; 0.10) abundance of E2F1 mRNA in LG-follicle TC or GC. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) had no effect (P &amp;gt; 0.10) on E2F1 gene expression in SM- or LG-follicle GC. SM-follicle GC were concomitantly treated with insulin-like growth factor 1 (30 ng/mL), FSH (30 ng/mL), and either 0 or 30 ng/mL of FGF9 with or without 50 µM of an E2F inhibitor (E2Fi; HLM0064741); FGF9 alone increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) GC numbers, whereas E2Fi alone decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) GC numbers, and concomitant treatment of E2Fi with FGF9 blocked (P &amp;lt; 0.05) this stimulatory effect of FGF9. Estradiol production was inhibited (P &amp;lt; 0.05) by FGF9 alone and concomitant treatment of E2Fi with FGF9 attenuated (P &amp;lt; 0.05) this inhibitory effect of FGF9. SM-follicle GC treated with E2Fi decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) E2F1 mRNA abundance by 70%. Collectively, our studies show that GC E2F1 mRNA is developmentally and hormonally regulated in cattle. Inhibition of E2F1 reduced FGF9-induced GC proliferation and attenuated FGF9-inhibited estradiol production, indicating that E2F1 may be involved in follicular development in cattle.

Regulation of the transcription factor E2F1 mRNA in ovarian granulosa cells of cattle